Abstract:
The article examines the foundations of modern understanding of Palaeolithic art. The author argues that the depiction of Palaeolithic art elaborated by Western archaeologists during the period 1860–1905 was largely based on the projection of categories used to characterize craft at the end of the nineteenth century onto prehistoric art, and that the weakening of evolutionism and the recognition of the complexity of primitive societies at the turn of the century provoked a new definition of Palaeolithic art.