Chronological guide


A list of the main archaeological periods covered by each of biab's classification numbers (2-9) with an indication of the approximate span of each period in calendar years. These dates should not be taken as definitive or absolute and may well be debated; however, users may appreciate a more explicit guide to the chronological framework against which bibliographic references are classified.


  1. GENERAL, MULTI-PERIOD or UNDATED [classification code 1]
  2. PALAEOLITHIC & MESOLITHIC [classification code 2]
    • Palaeolithic (Pal) 500,000BC-10,000BC
      • Lower Palaeolithic 500,000BC-70,000BC
      • Middle Palaeolithic 70,000BC-35,000BC
      • Upper Palaeolithic 35,000BC-10,000BC
      • Early Upper Palaeolithic 35,000BC-20,000BC
      • [Last Glacial 23,000BC-15,000BC]
      • Late Upper Palaeolithic 15,000BC-10,000BC
    • Mesolithic (Meso) 10,000BC-4000BC
      • Earlier Mesolithic 10,000BC-8000BC
      • Later Mesolithic 8000BC-4000BC
  3. NEOLITHIC [classification code 3]
    • Neolithic (Neo) 4000BC-2300BC
      • Early Neolithic 4000BC-3400BC
      • Later Neolithic 3400BC-2300BC
  4. BRONZE AGE [classification code 4]
    • Bronze Age (BA) 2300BC-700BC
      • Early Bronze Age (EBA) 2300BC-1200BC
      • Middle Bronze Age (MBA) [2000BC-1500BC (Mid E dates)]
      • Late Bronze Age (LBA) 1200BC-700BC
  5. IRON AGE [classification code 5]
    • Iron Age (IA) [Lowland Britain] 700BC-AD43
      • Early Iron Age (EIA) 700BC-400BC
      • Middle Iron Age (MIA) 400BC-100BC
      • Late Iron Age (LIA) 100BC-AD43
    • Iron Age (IA) [Ireland & N Scotland] 700BC-AD450
      • Early Iron Age (EIA) 700BC-400BC
      • Middle Iron Age (MIA) 400BC-100BC
      • Late Iron Age (LIA) 100BC-AD450
  6. ROMAN BRITAIN [classification code 6]
    • Romano-British (RB) [Lowland Britain] AD43-AD450
  7. MIGRATION & EARLY MEDIEVAL [classification code 7]
    • Migration & Early Medieval (MEM) AD450-1066
    • MEM [Ireland] AD450-1170
    • Anglo-Saxon (AS) AD450-1066
  8. MEDIEVAL [classification code 8]
    • medieval (med) 1066-1547
    • medieval (med) [Ireland] 1170-1547
  9. POST-MEDIEVAL, INDUSTRIAL, RECENT [classification code 9]
    • post-medieval (post-med) 1547-
    • Industrial (Ind) 1700-
    • modern (mod) 1901-

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  • 6-7 June 2013 - ICOMOS-UK Summer Meeting: Ice Age Art and Landscape

    ICOMOS-UK Summer Meeting held at the Creswell Crags Museum and organised in collaboration with the Creswell Heritage Trust. The meeting will also offer delegates an opportunity to visit the Creswell limestone gorge and caves, and tour the surrounding magnesium limestone landscapes.
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